ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus responsible for our recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, is driving a lung immunopathology that strongly resembles a severe form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). A review of recent Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 medical reports, as well as described characteristics of HP, lead us to postulate a theory for SARS-CoV-2 severe disease. We propose that the novel SARS-CoV-2 can act as a trigger and substrate of an HP-like severe immune reaction especially in genetically vulnerable individuals in addition to those with immune senescence and dysregulation. Accordingly, the purpose of our letter is to shift the emphasis of concern surrounding immune activity from viral infection to an HP-like severe immune reaction. We review similarities in disease presentation between infection and allergy, relevant immunopathology, and outline phases of SARS-CoV-2 disease with perspectives on therapy and critical care. Altogether, the favored course is to begin treatments that address the disease at the earliest phase before immune dysregulation leading to uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are aggressive malignant tumors with small round cell morphology affecting mainly children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to classify the histological diversity and clinical characteristics of ESFT in children from a Tertiary Care Center in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study includes 51 cases of ES in children aged below 15 years. Clinical details were collected from case files. Histomorphological features were reviewed and tumors were subtyped into classic, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and atypical variants along with immunohistochemical markers, cytogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: Fifty‑three percent were female and 47% were male with mean age of 10 years. The most common site of involvement was skeletal involvement in 71%, followed by soft tissue involvement in 23%, and visceral involvement in 6%. Localized disease at presentation was seen in 44%, locally advanced disease in 28%, and metastatic disease in 28%. Recurrence was documented during follow‑up in 18% of the cases. Histomorphologically, classic type was the most common (72%) followed by PNET (20%) category and atypical variant (8%). All cases were immunoreactive for CD99. Cytogenetic study in 12 cases showed translocation t(11;22) (q24;12) in 80% and variant translocations such as t(3;16), t(3;11) with nonspecific numerical abnormalities in 20%. FISH was carried out for documentation of four cases with atypical histomorphology. CONCLUSION: ESFT had wide histological variation which required confirmation by ancillary studies.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to investigate the in alloxan (120 mg/kg b.wt) induced diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Mollugo nudicaulis (200mg/kg) administered orally to the diabetic rats for 21 days, produced significant decrease in the level of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), lipid peroxidation, liver glycogen, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and liver marker enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP. It also produced significant increase in High density lipoprotein (HDL), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C, which clearly show the antioxidant property of extract. The effect of the ethanolic the extract of Mollugo nudicaulis was compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide (1.25mg/kg b.wt).
ABSTRACT
The present investigation deals with the isolation and characterization of starch from mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum and Cynometra iripa. Aegiceras is one of the important mangrove genera, which is an indicator of fresh water influence. Cynometra iripa is critically endangered species from west coast of Maharashtra. The propagules of A. corniculatum are starchy, therefore the starch from these propagules was isolated and properties of starch were studied. From the fruits of Cynometra iripa starch was isolated. Isolated starch was employed to techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gelatinization and X-ray diffraction. Starch granules are variable in size and shape. Starch granules of A. corniculatum are round, oval and lenticular in shape with an average size 5μm, while in C. iripa starch granules are round and oval in shape with an average size 7 μm. The gelatinization temperature range varies from 600C to 900C; while in C. iripa range varies from 500C to 1000C. The range of temperature in both the mangroves is comparatively higher than other starch sources.